Passive verbs
The following tables show the default building rules that Verbtime applies to passive Latin verbs.
Starting with the verb primitive, the conjugated forms are built by attaching the respective verb extensions to the verb primitive.
Example: building the Indicative, Present of the verb "amare":
| Verb: | amare | |
| Verb group: | model I (ARE-verbs) | |
| Verb primitive: | am (+are) | |
| Verb extensions for ARE-verbs in the Indicative, Present: or, aris, atur, amur, amini, antur | ||
| Conjugated forms: | |||
| Singular I: | am + or | becomes "amor" | |
| Singular II: | am + aris | becomes "amaris" | |
| Singular III: | am + atur | becomes "amatur" | |
| Plural I: | am + amur | becomes "amamur" | |
| Plural II: | am + amini | becomes "amamini" | |
| Plural III: | am + antur | becomes "amantur" | |
Note that passive verbs change the Participle Perfect Passive depending on singular / plural- as well as on male / female forms. This is valid for tenses Indicative Perfect, Pluperfect and Future II as well as Subjunctive Perfect and Pluperfect (these are the tenses that are built with the Perfect primitive in the active forms, respectively the PPP perfect in the passive forms). Here, the following applies:
| Singular male: | Participle Perfect Passive (verb) + us | (e.g. amatus sum) | |
| Plural male: | Participle Perfect Passive (verb) + i | (e.g. amati sumus) | |
| Singular female: | Participle Perfect Passive (verb) + a | (e.g. amata sum) | |
| Plural female: | Participle Perfect Passive (verb) + ae | (e.g. amatae sumus) |
Default building rules for regular, passive verbs
Indicative, Passive
Present (built using the Present primitive)
I (are) II (ere) III-io III IV (ire)
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or eor ior or ior
aris eris eris eris iris
atur etur itur itur itur
amur emur imur imur imur
amini emini imini imini imini
antur entur iuntur untur iuntur
Imperfect (built using the Present primitive)
I (are) II (ere) III-io III IV (ire)
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abar ebar iebar ebar iebar
abaris ebaris iebaris ebaris iebaris
abatur ebatur iebatur ebatur iebatur
abamur ebamur iebamur ebamur iebamur
abamini ebamini iebamini ebamini iebamini
abantur ebantur iebantur ebantur iebantur
Future I (built using the Present primitive)
I (are) II (ere) III-io III IV (ire)
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abor ebor iar ar iar
aberis eberis ieris eris ieris
abitur ebitur ietur etur ietur
abimur ebimur iemur emur iemur
abimini ebimini iemini emini iemini
abuntur ebuntur ientur entur ientur
Perfect (built using the PPP primitive)
I (are) II (ere) III-io III IV (ire)
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Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + sum
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + es
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + est
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + sumus
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + estis
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + sunt
Pluperfect (built using the PPP primitive)
I (are) II (ere) III-io III IV (ire)
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Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + eram
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + eras
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + erat
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + eramus
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + eratis
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + erant
Future II (built using the PPP primitive)
I (are) II (ere) III-io III IV (ire)
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Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb)+ ero
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb)+ eris
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb)+ erit
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb)+ erimus
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb)+ eritis
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb)+ erunt
Subjunctive, Passive
Present (built using the Present primitive)
I (are) II (ere) III-io III IV (ire)
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er ear iar ar iar
eris earis iaris aris iaris
etur eatur iatur atur iatur
emur eamur iamur amur iamur
emini eamini iamini amini iamini
entur eantur iantur antur iantur
Imperfect (built using the Present primitive)
I (are) II (ere) III-io III IV (ire)
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arer erer erer erer irer
areris ereris ereris ereris ireris
aretur eretur eretur eretur iretur
aremur eremur eremur eremur iremur
aremini eremini eremini eremini iremini
arentur erentur erentur erentur irentur
Perfect (built using the PPP primitive)
I (are) II (ere) III-io III IV (ire)
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Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + sim
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + sis
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + sit
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + simus
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + sitis
Participle-Perfect-Passive (verb) + sint
Pluperfect (built using the PPP primitive)
I (are) II (ere) III-io III IV (ire)
-------------------------------------------------------------
Participle -Perfect-Passive (verb) + essem
Participle -Perfect-Passive (verb) + esses
Participle -Perfect-Passive (verb) + esset
Participle -Perfect-Passive (verb) + essemus
Participle -Perfect-Passive (verb) + essetis
Participle -Perfect-Passive (verb) + essent
Others, Passive
Gerundiv (built using the Present primitive)
I (are) II (ere) III-io III IV (ire)
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Gerundiv andus endus iendus endus iendus
Participle (built using the PPP primitive)
I (are) II (ere) III-io III IV (ire)
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PPP atus itus itus tus itus
also see:
Latin verb table, overview
Regular verbs, rules, general
Regular verbs, rules, active verbs