Verbtime, Verb Table Dutch

  General Information
  Regular verbs
  Verb-irregularities
  Irregular verbs
  Appendix
Dutch Verb Table, Chapter 3/5

Chapter 3: Verb irregularities


In the third chapter you'’ll find exemption rules for conjugating Dutch verbs. These rules are explained by example verbs. In addition to that the abbreviations are outlined, which the program Verbtime shows when conjugating Dutch verbs.


Strong verbs

Strong verbs are verbs that are built irregularly in the "Indicatief", "Onvoltooid verleden tijd" (OVT/Past) as well as "Voltooid deelwoord" (VD/Past Participle).

Many strong verbs fall into one of 7 categories (10 categories, when counting sub-categories). Within each of these categories the verbs are then built identically again. That means, if you understood the rules for one of the groups, then you are able to correctly build all verbs of this group. However, there are strong verbs, which do not belong to any of the 7 groups and which need to be learned separtely (see rule VIII below).


  # Rule Example verb Verb primitive ending on Conjugation
I. ij-ee-e (#1) 2.blijven "ij" plus consonant OVT with "ee" (bleef)VD with "e" (gebleven)
II.a ie-oo-o (#2a) 3.bieden "ie" plus consonant OVT with "oo" (bood)VD with "o" (geboden)
II.b ui-oo-o (#2b) 4.sluiten "ui" plus consonant OVT with "oo" (sloot)VD with "o" (gesloten)
III.a i-o-o (#3a) 5.drinken "i" plus two consonants OVT with "o" (dronk)VD with "o" (gedronken)
III.b e-o-o (#3b) 6.smelten "e" plus two consonants OVT with "o" (smolt)VD with "o" (gemsolten)
IV. e-a-o (#4) 7.nemen "e" plus consonant OVT with "a" (nam)VD with "o" (genomen)
V.a e-a-e (#5a) 8.geven "e" plus consonant OVT with "a" (gaf)VD with "e" (gegeven)
V.b i-a-e (#5b) 9.liggen "i" plus double consonant OVT with "a" (lag)VD with "e" (gelegen)
VI. a-oe-a (#6) 10.varen "a" plus consonant OVT with "oe" (voer)VD with "e" (gevaren)
VII. [v]-ie-[v] (#7) 11.vallen Vocal "[v]", plus (double)consonant OVT with "ie" (viel)VD with "vocal [v]" (gevallen)
 
VIII. strong verb 12.helpen Definition in the list of strong verbs OVT according to listVD according to list


Further building rules

In addition to the above, there are more Dutch conjugation rules, when consonants and vocals in the verb primitive are doubled, or used only in single representation, if a conjugation is using consonant "t" or "d" and how the Voltooid Deelwoord (Past Participle) is built.


  # Rule Example verb Description
IX. 't kofschip OVT/VD(t) 13.maken The OVT (Past) and Voltooid Deelwoord is built with "t", if the verb primitive ends on "t, k, f, s, ch, p or x", else with "d"
X. v => f 14.leven (weak) "v" becomes "f" in OTT (Present) Singular I-III, OVT (Past) all persons, VD and Imperatief
15.graven (strong) "v" becomes "f" in OTT (Present) and OVT (Past) for Singular I-III and Imperatief
XI. z => s 16.reizen (weak) "z" becomes "s" in OTT (Present) Singular I-III, OVT (Past) all persons, VD and Imperatief
17.lezen (strong) "z" becomes "s" in OTT (Present) and OVT (Past) for Singular I-III and Imperatief
XII. [v]-[vv] 18.hopen The last vocal in the verb primitive gets doubled for OTT (Present) Singular I-III, OVT (Past), VD and Imperatief for verbs with only one vocal
XIII. e-ee 19.repareren The last vocal in the verb primitive gets doubled for OTT (Present) Singular I-III, OVT (Past), VD and Imperatief for elen/eren/enen verbs
XIV. (cc-c) 20.stillen (weak) The double consonant is removed in OTT (Present) Singular I-III, OVT (Past) all persons, VD and Imperatief
21.zwemmen (strong) The double consonant is removed in OTT (Present) and OVT (Past) for Singular I-III and Imperatief
XV. (tt) 22.groeten In the OTT (Present) Singular II/III, as well as VD and Imperatief no additional "t" is appended, as the verb primitive already ends on "t"
XVI. (dd) 23.landen In the Voltooid Deelwoord no additional "d" is appended, as the verb primitive already ends on "d"
XVII. (ge) 24.verminderen In the Voltooid Deelwoord "ge" is not added, in case the verb begins with a non-separable verb prefix



also see:

Chapter 1: General Information
Chapter 2: The regular verbs
Chapter 3: Verb irregularities
Chapter 4: The irregular verbs
Chapter 5: Appendix



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Copyright © Helmut Bischoff 2005-2023. All rights reserved
 
Copyright H.Bischoff 2005-2023. All rights reserved